|
|
Effect of TNF-α inhibitors on microbiota composition and immune response in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Mihula, Martin ; Jirásková Zákostelská, Zuzana (advisor) ; Grobárová, Valéria (referee)
One of the most common used therapies in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) treatment are inhibitors of a cytokine TNF-α. Nevertheless, up to one third of IBD patients stop respond to this therapy for unknown reason. In these days, there are not any ideal biomarkers which could predict patient's long- term response to anti-TNF-α therapy. Because the gut microbiota composition changes are tightly related to the pathogenesis of IBD, my aim in this thesis was to find out if these changes in composition are happening also due the therapy by inhibitors of TNF-α as well. Moreover, I tried to find out if there are changes in production of serum biomarkers related to the gut barrier damage and to the immune response associated with microbial translocation. Also, I focused on the immune response of IBD patients against common gut commensal bacterial antigens during the anti-TNF-α therapy. In our study, we collected for these purposes stool or blood samples from 46 IBD patients before the therapy and at 38th week from the start of the therapy and 39 healthy controls. I found that IBD patients had higher bacterial diversity (α-diversity) as well as different bacterial composition across observed groups (β-diversity) at 38th week of the anti-TNF-α therapy than before the therapy. When I divided IBD patients...
|
|
|
Bilirubin influence on the progression of inflammatory bowel disease.
Patková, Anna ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Bilirubin influence on the progression of inflammatory bowel disease Diploma thesis Anna Patková Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Petr Nachtigal, Ph.D. Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gut caused by an interaction of genetic and environmental factors. It is thought that tissue damage is also partly caused by an oxidative stress. Heme oxygenase-1 and bilirubin are strong antioxidants and both of them provide an anti-inflammatory effect in various tissues. The aim of this diploma thesis was to detect changes of expression of HO-I in the large intestine of normobilirubinemic and hyperbilirubinemic rats after the induction of acute or chronic experimental colitis. Methods: We used Gunn rats with hereditary defect of UDP-glucuronyltransferase, which causes hyperbilirubinemia. The control group of animals was made up of heterozygous littermates of the Gunn rats, which have normal serum bilirubin levels. All animals were treated by dextran sulfate sodium in order to induce an experimental colitis. Rats were divided into two groups. Each of them contained hyperbilirubinemic and normobilirubinemic...
|
|
|
The physiotherapeutic possibilities of complications of inflammatory bowel disease treatment
FLORIANOVÁ, Veronika
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of complications of inflammatory bowel disease treatment and options of physiotherapeutic procedures to affect the complications. In theoretical part, there is described anatomy and physiology of gastrointestinal tract, concretely small and large intestine, because of the most common occurrence of inflammatory bowel disease in these two organs. Further, there are stated factors, which participate in the formation of disease, inflammatory bowel disease types and its complication, diagnosis and treatment. Next section of theoretical part is devoted to complications of inflammatory bowel disease treatment, osteoporosis and steroid myopathies, and back pain as the frequent symptom of these complications. The end of this part is consisted of physiotherapeutic procedures used in case of osteoporosis, steroid myopathies and back pain. The goal of theoretical part was to provide information about inflammatory bowel disease, its types, diagnosis and treatment, rise awareness about possible treatment complications and mention physiotherapeutic possibilities. The method of qualitative research was used in practical part of this thesis. Gained data were transformed into case interpretations, which contained entrance and final kinesiological testing results, short term therapeutic plan, course of each therapy and suggestion of long term therameutic plan. Researcch aggegate consisted of three responders diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease and with treatment complication or its symptoms. The intensity of responders back pain was lowered with the aid of therapy. Simultaneously, reflex changes of the soft tissues, spinal flexibility, lower limbs strength and functional foot disorders were affected. Responders also described positive impact of regular meeting on their mental state, which is stated as one of the main influences on exacerbation of the disease.
|
|
|
Nutrition in patients with chronic diseases of gastrointestinal tract
HOLÁNOVÁ, Karolína
In my thesis I deal with the nutrition of people suffering from Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. I also observe, how these people abide by the regularity and diversity in nutrition. In the theoretical part of the thesis I deal with the characteristics of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, their symptoms, complications and treatment. Very important part of the thesis is also nutrition and diet recommendation for the periods of remission and relapse. In the practical part, a qualitative research was made, which had two parts. The first part consisted of weekly menu of each respondent, its calculations in the Nutriservis Professional programme and subsequent evaluation. In each menu was tracked the intake of basic nutrients, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, as well as overall energy intake and the amount of fibers intake. All of the respondents were educated how to write the menu. The second part of the practical part of the thesis consisted of half-structured interviews. The interview consisted of 20 questions on the topic nutrition and symptoms following aforementioned diseases. The respondents were chosen for the research on the principle of "snowball" method. The whole research set consisted of 20 respondents, however the conditions for taking part in the research were fulfilled by only 6 respondents. Half of the set were people, both men a women, suffering from Crohn's disease and the second half were people suffering from ulcerative colitis. I further elaborated on the results of the menu calculations and put them in coherent tables and compared them to the optimal numbers for each respondent. The results were processed and then divided into groups.
|
|
|
Inflammatory bowel disease
Růžičková, Radka ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Červinková, Monika (referee)
Infammatory bowel disease IBD is unspecified form of bowel inflammation represented by two types - Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease. UC is illness that typically affects intestine mucous membrane from rectum up to proximal parts of gastrointestinal tract. Affection in UC is limited only to colon. CD is characterised by inflammation of whole intestinal wall with common manifestation in ileocecal region but entire colon and small intestine can be affected. Patients with UC and CD suffer by extraintestinal manifestations similar for both diseases. Illness therapy is currently focused on biological treatment. People with IBD are not excluded from common life activities like school attendance, sports, etc. even they have complications or some sort of handicap. These patients can meet each other and seek advice within IBD associations all over the world.
|
|
|
Bilirubin influence on the progression of inflammatory bowel disease.
Patková, Anna ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Bilirubin influence on the progression of inflammatory bowel disease Diploma thesis Anna Patková Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Petr Nachtigal, Ph.D. Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gut caused by an interaction of genetic and environmental factors. It is thought that tissue damage is also partly caused by an oxidative stress. Heme oxygenase-1 and bilirubin are strong antioxidants and both of them provide an anti-inflammatory effect in various tissues. The aim of this diploma thesis was to detect changes of expression of HO-I in the large intestine of normobilirubinemic and hyperbilirubinemic rats after the induction of acute or chronic experimental colitis. Methods: We used Gunn rats with hereditary defect of UDP-glucuronyltransferase, which causes hyperbilirubinemia. The control group of animals was made up of heterozygous littermates of the Gunn rats, which have normal serum bilirubin levels. All animals were treated by dextran sulfate sodium in order to induce an experimental colitis. Rats were divided into two groups. Each of them contained hyperbilirubinemic and normobilirubinemic...
|
|
|
Crohn's disease
Štorkánová, Hana ; Pavlasová, Lenka (advisor) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
Crohn's disease The Bachelor study summarizes the present knowledge of inflammatory diseases, which attack the digestive system. The Crohn's disease is classified as idiopathic or nonspecific intestine inflammations, since its cause is still not known. In my thesis I describe the general characteristics of the Crohn's disease, the possible causes, the symptoms of the disease and the subsequent therapy. Key words: Crohn's disease, nonspecific intestine inflammations
|
|
|
Quality of life of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
HAVELKOVÁ, Kristýna
Inflammatory bowel disease is often discussed topic among the medics in the field of diagnostics, treatment and prognosis, however what is usually ignored is quality of life. The bachelor thesis aims at revealing the quality of life of patients with idiopathic bowel disease. The theoretical part introduces inflammatory bowel disease with its principal types of Crohn´s disease and ulcerative colitis. The empiric part is focused on IBD patients´ quality of life. The research part of the thesis is based on standardized questionnaire Short Form 36, aimed at quality of life of patients in South Bohemia. For reaching the goal, three main hypotheses were selected: H1: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have mental problems. H2: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have physical problems. H3: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have social problems. The questionnaire construction was conducted in Word Excel programme using graphs and basic statistics. A positive output from the respondents was very surprising because the most of the respondents answered the questions concerning their quality of life positively. It is possible to state that this situation may be caused by the latest available treatment, timely diagnosis and also by a certain effort within our society to deal with chronically ill patients with kindness and respect. This survey convinced me that also people with chronical diseases can have good quality of life. The topic of this bachelor thesis was highly interesting for me; my original presumptions were different, therefore the results were surprisingly pleasing. Creating this bachelor thesis was very helpful for me. This bachelor thesis can be used as informative material for nurses in hospitals or for students of non-medical health care branches. Furthermore, this thesis can be used for further study.
|
|
|
Ways to test for Helicobacter and calprotectin
LAVIČKOVÁ, Lucie
H. pylori is a gram-negative rod bacteria of a spiral shape. It is obligatory microaerofile. It has strong urease activity. It colonize the stomach mucosa and it is proved, that almost the half of human population is colonized. H. pylori concluding other factors can cause gastritis which can become chronic. Other diseases can be influenced by chronic gastritis - for example: gastroduodenal ulcer disease and stomach adenocarcinoma. H. pylori is concerned to be carcinogen of the first class. Calprotectin is a cytosol protein. It gradually releases from activated or lytic leucocytes. It is made of monocytes and neutrophiles. Calprotectin concentration in in faecal specimen correlates with the amount of leucocytes in intestine's lumen. This finding allows doctors to estimate the amount of intestine mucosas' infiltration by leucocytes according to evaluation of calprotectin levels. Calprotectin is highly sensitive to the presence of intestine inflammation, so it is a proper indicator of unspecific intestine inflammation diagnostics. The main aim of my bachelor thesis is to become familiar with identification methods of H. pylori and calprotectin in labs. Moreover, I aimed to become familiar with proper results interpretation of used methods. I estimated a hypothesis and an experimental question. In the theoretical part I focused on contemporary knowledge about H. pylori a calprotectin. I described common diagnostic methods, illnesses they cause and their treatment. The experimental part took place at Microbiology department of Stafila spol. sro laboratories. I examined the presence of H. pylori in faecal specimen by DIMA method. I determined the calprotectin levels by BUHLMANN method. I personally worked with 25 samples. I did my work in guidance of MUDr. Cihlová and her colleagues. I statistically examine my results. I made statistics of H. pylori frequency and determined the hypothesis. I also made statistic of negative, positive and strongly positive numerosity levels of calprotectin in faecal specimen and found the answer to my question.
|
|
|
The biologic treatment of patiens with Inflammatory bowel diseases
BARTYZALOVÁ, Martina
The thesis titled Biological Therapy in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases deals with the needs of clients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis prior and after biological therapy. The role of nurses in biological therapy centres, including the application of this therapy, was also investigated. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are inflammatory bowel diseases. They are chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, which are accompanied by ample extraintestinal symptoms. This thesis also deals with biological therapy that involves the administration of highly effective substances of biological nature that inhibit specific sites of inflammatory reactions. This therapy is provided in centres of biological therapy and is used not only in gastroenterology but also in rheumatology and oncology. Teams of experts work in biological therapy centres; the task of these teams is to provide a comprehensive holistic health care. The thesis is divided into a theoretical part and an empirical part. The theoretical part focuses mainly on Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and biological therapy that helps patients suffering from these diseases. The methodological section employed qualitative research using in-depth semi-structured interviews with patients suffering from idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases and with nurses who deal with these patients when applying biological therapy. Since head nurses from gastroenterology departments did not wish to record the interviews with a recorder, they were recorded in writing and transcribed subsequently. The questions dealt with the issues of biological therapy in connection with inflammatory bowel diseases. All the acquired data was processed with the Atlas.ti programme, which is designed for encoding, processing and interpretation of large amounts of textual and graphic qualitative data. Based on the research, an educational brochure for patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases was complied as well as educational materials for nurses starting work in biological therapy centres. Furthermore, the results can be used by nurses in practice and nursing students too.
|
guest ::
